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Diabetic retinopathy is the most common ophthalmic complication
of diabetes. Although the exact mechanisms by which hyperglycaemia
causes any complication of diabetes are not completely known,
the relationship between poor glycaemic control and the development
of diabetic retinopathy has been clearly shown. [Stratton
et al, 2000; The DCCT Research Group, 1993]
As with all complications of diabetes, the duration of diabetes
is a major risk factor associated with its development (Figures
1 and 2).
Within 5 years of diagnosis of diabetes:
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About 25% of people with Type 1 diabetes have retinopathy.
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40% of people with Type 2 diabetes who are taking insulin
(ie have more advanced disease) have retinopathy.
-
24% of people with Type 2 diabetes who are not taking
insulin will develop retinopathy.
By the time of diagnosis, more than 20% of people
with Type 2 diabetes may already have retinopathy [Aldingham
et al, 1987; Harris
et al, 1992; Harris
et al, 1993]. Detectable retinopathy is likely to be present
4 to 7 years before diagnosis of diabetes [Harris
et al, 1992].
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